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System One

System One models return decisions, not text.

A System One model, also written System 1 model, is an AI decision model that returns typed answers and calibrated probabilities instead of generated text. You give it content and typed questions; it returns the selected option, a probability for every option, and a confidence value. Jev, from TypeSafe AI, was the first one, announced on 15 September 2026.

732 examples18 use cases8 recipes12 models

The three question types

Every System One call is a state plus questions. A question is one of three shapes, and each returns a number you can branch on.

Choice

Pick one option from a set you define, up to 255 of them. You get the winning option, a probability for every option, and one confidence number.

Confidence0.82
Choice in the glossary

Score

Rate the content against ordered levels you write, 2 to 10 of them. The answer is a probability-weighted mean, so it can land between levels.

Confidence0.64
Score in the glossary

Noul

Ask a yes/no question and get one number from 0 to 1: the probability that the answer is yes. There is no separate confidence value.

Probability0.91
Noul in the glossary

Commercial models you call through a hosted API, then open-source models you run on your own hardware. Prices, limits and sources for each.

Jev

TypeSafe AI
Commercial, hosted APIGenerally available

Jev 1.13 is the first System One model. It reads text you supply, answers typed questions about it with calibrated probabilities, and returns no generated prose. TypeSafe AI shipped it on 15 September 2026 as a closed managed API.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
$0.042/MTok
Latency
70-500 ms

Decider 1

meraGPT
Commercial, hosted APIGenerally available

Decider 1 is meraGPT's System One model. It answers typed Choice, Score and Noul questions with probabilities over a 4,096-token request and writes no prose. It has been on meraGPT's hosted API since 22 September 2026, with no public weights.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
$0.03/MTok
Commercial, hosted APIEarly access

Solar Decide is Upstage's System One model, served on Solar Mini 4 with a 512K-token context. It answers typed Choice, Score and Noul questions with probabilities, writes no prose, and has been in beta on Upstage's API since 22 September 2026.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
$0.1/MTok

Tev1

Together AI
Commercial, hosted APIEarly access

Tev1-4B-experimental is Together AI's Jev-like classifier, a Qwen3.5-4B fine-tune that reads a state and a set of 2 to 24 options and returns one answer letter. Together released it alongside the training recipe and a tutorial on 23 September 2026.

Choice
Input price
$0.042/MTok

Span-01

Respan
Commercial, hosted APIGenerally available

Span-01 is Respan's behavior classifier for agent traces. It reads a conversation span and behaviors you define in plain language, and returns the probability that each is present, absent or not observable. It costs $0.02 per million input tokens, and a free Lite tier exists.

Noul
Input price
$0.02/MTok

d1

Liquid AI
Commercial, hosted APIGenerally available

d1 is Liquid AI's first decision model. It answers typed Choice, Score and Noul questions with probabilities and writes no prose. It has been on Liquid's API as d1:free since 29 September 2026, with no paid pricing published yet.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Commercial, hosted APIEarly access

OpenAI's Decisions API is a hosted System One model built on GPT-6 Luna. You send text or images and a question with fixed answers, and it picks one. It has been in limited preview since 29 September 2026, with no price or docs published yet.

Choice
Commercial, hosted APIEarly access

Mercury Decide is Inception's decision model, served as a System One endpoint. It answers typed choice, score and yes/no questions with a probability and writes no prose. It has been free on OpenRouter since 30 September 2026.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
$0/MTok

Kev

Jared Palmer
Open source, also on OpenRouterGenerally available

Kev is an open-source family of System One models from Jared Palmer, at 0.8B, 4B, 9B and 27B on Qwen3.5 and Qwen3.8 bases. It answers typed Choice, Score and Noul questions with probabilities, serves TypeSafe's /v1/systemone API, and runs on your own GPU under Apache 2.0, with the 0.8B to 9B models also on a Mac. Kev-4B is also on OpenRouter at $0.042 per million input tokens.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
$0.042/MTok
Latency
41.5-145.2 ms

Laya

Convai Innovations
Open source, self-hostedGenerally available

Laya is an open-weights System One model from Convai Innovations. It answers typed Choice, Score and Noul questions about text you supply, returns probabilities instead of prose, and runs on your own GPU or CPU under Apache 2.0.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
No hosted API
Latency
32.8-39.5 ms

CLM

Contrastive-LM
Open source, self-hostedGenerally available

CLM (Contrastive Language Models) is an open-weights System One model that scores a state against a set of candidate actions with a contrastive objective instead of generating text. CLM-8B serves a TypeSafe-compatible API and Jacky Kwok's team released it, its data recipe and its scaling-law study on 23 September 2026.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
No hosted API

GLiNER2.5-Decide

Fastino Labs
Open source, self-hostedGenerally available

GLiNER2.5-Decide is Fastino Labs' open-weights System One model. A 340M-parameter encoder answers typed classification questions, extracts spans and relations, and enforces cross-decision rules, and Fastino shipped it on 24 September 2026 under Apache 2.0.

ChoiceScoreNoul
Input price
No hosted API
Latency
38-167 ms

More vendors will appear here as they ship System One models. Know one? Submit it.

Featured examples

All examples

Projects, tools, cookbooks and write-ups from people building on these models.

openjev

Attempt to run a Jev-style System One decision model locally on a single RTX 3090. Companion site at openjev.com. The repository was renamed to TheoLeeCJ/SemIf on GitHub, and the old openjev URL now redirects to it.

4.1k starsJSON vs direct 5.21x slowerPeak throughput 20.03 dec/s

Project

jevlike

Open reimplementation that trains a small model to choose among a changing list of text options, emitting one probability per option in a single forward pass. Ships Doom, chess and Wikispeedia demos.

vinnylarouge1.3k starsOpenjevlike on github.com
Project

Use cases by category

All use cases

The patterns people reach for, grouped by the job they do.

Code you can paste, with the thresholds left in your code.

pythontsStarter

Check a citation against its source with a noul

An LLM cites a document for a claim. This recipe checks the citation in two steps: a plain string match that catches quotes missing from the source, then one noul question that returns the probability the quoted section actually supports the claim. Your code turns that probability into a verdict.

Noul
pythontsStarter

Route a support ticket with one Choice

A single Choice question sorts an inbound support ticket into one of four queues and returns a probability for every option. The model supplies the label and the certainty; your router applies the thresholds, holds the doubtful tickets for a human, and keeps every side effect in your code rather than in the prompt.

Choice
pythontsIntermediate

Ask four questions in one call and route in code

A support ticket needs a category, a severity, and two yes/no facts that only matter for one category each. Asking in sequence costs four round trips and four copies of the ticket. This recipe sends all four questions in one call, including the speculative ones, and lets the routing code ignore what it does not need.

ChoiceNoulScore
pythontsIntermediate

Gate a destructive action on confidence

One Choice names the action the user is asking for and one Noul says whether the message confirms it. Two numbers come back, and a table of per-action thresholds in your code decides the rest: a read runs at moderate confidence, a refund needs more, and anything below the floor goes to a person.

ChoiceNoul

Start here if the category is new to you.

What is a System One (System 1) model?

A System One (System 1) model is a decision model that returns typed, calibrated answers instead of text. How it works, the name, and which models exist.

Updated

System One models vs LLMs

System One models return typed decisions; LLMs return text. A side-by-side on output, latency, cost, hallucination and when each one wins.

Updated

Is Jev just a zero-shot classifier?

Engineers called Jev a zero-shot classifier within hours of launch. What the comparison gets right, what it misses, and what is actually new.

Updated

Latest additions

All examples

The eight most recent entries in the directory.

Built something with a System One model?

Send the link. Projects, tools, cookbooks, videos, write-ups and threads all count. Every entry is checked and credited to its author.

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